Difference between revisions of "Adiabatic lapse rate"
From Glossary of Meteorology
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#<div class="definition"><div class="short_definition">Dry-adiabatic lapse rate</div> <div class="paragraph">A [[process lapse rate]] of temperature, the rate of decrease of temperature with height of a [[parcel]] of [[dry air]] lifted by a reversible adiabatic process through an [[atmosphere]] in [[hydrostatic equilibrium]].</div> <div class="paragraph">This lapse rate is ''g''/''c''<sub>''pd''</sub>, where ''g'' is the gravitational [[acceleration]] and ''c''<sub>''pd''</sub> is the [[specific heat]] of dry air at constant [[pressure]], approximately 9.8°C km<sup>−1</sup>. [[Potential temperature]] is constant with height in an [[atmospheric layer]] with this lapse rate.</div><br/> | #<div class="definition"><div class="short_definition">Dry-adiabatic lapse rate</div> <div class="paragraph">A [[process lapse rate]] of temperature, the rate of decrease of temperature with height of a [[parcel]] of [[dry air]] lifted by a reversible adiabatic process through an [[atmosphere]] in [[hydrostatic equilibrium]].</div> <div class="paragraph">This lapse rate is ''g''/''c''<sub>''pd''</sub>, where ''g'' is the gravitational [[acceleration]] and ''c''<sub>''pd''</sub> is the [[specific heat]] of dry air at constant [[pressure]], approximately 9.8°C km<sup>−1</sup>. [[Potential temperature]] is constant with height in an [[atmospheric layer]] with this lapse rate.</div><br/> | ||
| − | #<div class="definition"><div class="short_definition">Moist-unsaturated adiabatic lapse rate</div> <div class="paragraph">The adiabatic lapse rate of unsaturated air containing [[water vapor]].</div> <div class="paragraph">This differs from definition 1 by the factor <div class="display-formula"><blockquote>[[File:Moist-unsat adiabatic LR.gif|link=|center|Moist-unsat adiabatic LR]]</blockquote></div> where ''r''<sub>'' | + | #<div class="definition"><div class="short_definition">Moist-unsaturated adiabatic lapse rate</div> <div class="paragraph">The adiabatic lapse rate of unsaturated air containing [[water vapor]].</div> <div class="paragraph">This differs from definition 1 by the factor <div class="display-formula"><blockquote>[[File:Moist-unsat adiabatic LR.gif|link=|center|Moist-unsat adiabatic LR]]</blockquote></div> where ''r''<sub>''v''</sub> is the [[mixing ratio]] of water vapor and ''c''<sub>''pv''</sub> is the specific heat of water vapor.</div><br/> |
| − | #<div class="definition"><div class="short_definition">Moist-adiabatic lapse rate (or saturation-adiabatic lapse rate or moist-saturated adiabatic lapse rate)</div> <div class="paragraph">The rate of decrease of temperature with height along a [[moist adiabat]].</div> <div class="paragraph">It is given approximately by Γ<sub>''m''</sub> in the following: <div class="display-formula"><blockquote>[[File:Moist-adiabatic LR.gif|link=|center|Moist-adiabatic LR]]</blockquote></div> where ''g'' is the gravitational acceleration, ''c''<sub>''pd''</sub> is the specific heat at constant pressure of dry air, ''r''<sub>'' | + | #<div class="definition"><div class="short_definition">Moist-adiabatic lapse rate (or saturation-adiabatic lapse rate or moist-saturated adiabatic lapse rate)</div> <div class="paragraph">The rate of decrease of temperature with height along a [[moist adiabat]].</div> <div class="paragraph">It is given approximately by Γ<sub>''m''</sub> in the following: <div class="display-formula"><blockquote>[[File:Moist-adiabatic LR.gif|link=|center|Moist-adiabatic LR]]</blockquote></div> where ''g'' is the gravitational acceleration, ''c''<sub>''pd''</sub> is the specific heat at constant pressure of dry air, ''r''<sub>''v''</sub> is the mixing ratio of water vapor, ''L''<sub>''v''</sub> is the [[latent heat]] of [[vaporization]], ''R'' is the [[gas constant]] for dry air, ''ϵ'' is the ratio of the gas constants for dry air and water vapor, and ''T'' is temperature. This expression is an approximation for both the [[reversible moist-adiabatic process|reversible moist-adiabatic]] lapse rate and the [[pseudoadiabatic lapse rate]], with more accurate expressions given under those definitions. When most of the condensed water is frozen, this may be replaced by a similar expression but with ''L''<sub>''v''</sub> replaced by the latent heat of [[sublimation]].</div><br/> |
| − | <p>''Term edited | + | <p>''Term edited 16 August 2021.''</p> |
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Latest revision as of 05:20, 16 August 2021
adiabatic lapse rate
The rate of decrease in temperature with height via an adiabatic process.
- Dry-adiabatic lapse rateA process lapse rate of temperature, the rate of decrease of temperature with height of a parcel of dry air lifted by a reversible adiabatic process through an atmosphere in hydrostatic equilibrium.This lapse rate is g/cpd, where g is the gravitational acceleration and cpd is the specific heat of dry air at constant pressure, approximately 9.8°C km−1. Potential temperature is constant with height in an atmospheric layer with this lapse rate.
- Moist-unsaturated adiabatic lapse rateThe adiabatic lapse rate of unsaturated air containing water vapor.This differs from definition 1 by the factorwhere rv is the mixing ratio of water vapor and cpv is the specific heat of water vapor.
- Moist-adiabatic lapse rate (or saturation-adiabatic lapse rate or moist-saturated adiabatic lapse rate)The rate of decrease of temperature with height along a moist adiabat.It is given approximately by Γm in the following:where g is the gravitational acceleration, cpd is the specific heat at constant pressure of dry air, rv is the mixing ratio of water vapor, Lv is the latent heat of vaporization, R is the gas constant for dry air, ϵ is the ratio of the gas constants for dry air and water vapor, and T is temperature. This expression is an approximation for both the reversible moist-adiabatic lapse rate and the pseudoadiabatic lapse rate, with more accurate expressions given under those definitions. When most of the condensed water is frozen, this may be replaced by a similar expression but with Lv replaced by the latent heat of sublimation.
Term edited 16 August 2021.
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