avulsion

From Glossary of Meteorology
  1. An abrupt change in the course of a stream or river, generally from one channel to a new one.

In this meaning, the change is considered more extensive than the cutoff of a meander or similar local change in channel position.

  1. Any sudden cutting off or separation of land or abrupt change in the course of a stream, generally by breaking through the stream banks during a flood, including the formation of a cutoff meander.
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